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How to sync mail, contacts and calendar between Exchange, Google, Thunderbird, Outlook and your iPhone

The following table contains all options that have worked well for me or seemed reasonable. It does not claim to be a complete list of all available tools and services.

Short version: Synchronizing mail is trivial, calendars are okayish, contacts are hell. Also Exchange is a walled garden and the more you migrate to Google Apps, the easier everything becomes.

  Outlook Google Thunderbird / Lightning / Sunbird iPhone
Exchange Mail Connect via Exchange (MAPI) Exchange can do POP3, which Google Mail can collect into your inbox. Connect via IMAP Connect via Exchange (ActiveSync)
  Connect via IMAP     Connect via IMAP
Exchange Contacts Connect via Exchange (MAPI) Migrate your Exchange contacts to Google (export as CSV) Migrate your Exchange contacts to Google (export as CSV), then use the Google Contacts Add-on Connect via Exchange (ActiveSync)
Exchange Calendar Connect via Exchange (MAPI) Migrate your Exchange calendar to Google. If you have recurring events, you will need outlook2ical so you can export iCal. Install the DavMail Gateway and connect via CalDAV. Connect via Exchange (ActiveSync)
    Migrate your Exchange calendar to Google. If you have recurring events, you will need outlook2ical so you can export iCal. Then connect via CalDAV. Migrate your Exchange calendar to Google. If you have recurring events, you will need outlook2ical so you can export iCal. Then connect via CalDAV or Exchange (ActiveSync). Migrate your Exchange calendar to Google. If you have recurring events, you will need outlook2ical so you can export iCal. Then connect via CalDAV or Exchange (ActiveSync).
      Install the DavMail Gateway and connect via CalDAV. Install the DavMail Gateway and connect via CalDAV.
Google Mail Connect via IMAP Use the web interface Connect via IMAP Connect via Exchange (ActiveSync)
  Pay $50/year for Google Apps Sync and connect via Exchange (MAPI).     Connect via IMAP
Google Contacts Migrate your Google contacts to Outlook (export as CSV) Use the web interface Use the Google Contacts Add-on Connect via Exchange (ActiveSync)
  Pay $50/year for Google Apps Sync and connect via Exchange (MAPI).      
Google Calendar Migrate your Google calendar to Outlook (export as iCal) Use the web interface Connect via CalDAV Connect via Exchange (ActiveSync)
  Install the Google Calendar Connectors on your Exchange server     Connect via CalDAV
  Pay $50/year for Google Apps Sync and connect via Exchange (MAPI).      

I'm now going to wipe this experience from my memory and will not be available for further questions.

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